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The aim of its establishment is to carry on research activities specialized in the area of energy from the viewpoint of the national economy as a whole in a bid to contribute to sound development of the Japanese energy-supplying and energy-consuming industries and to the improvement of people's life in the country by objectively analyzing energy problems and providing basic data, information and reports necessary for the formulation of policies.

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The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan was established in June 1966 and certified as an incorporated foundation by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in September that year. Join IAEE, log in, or purchase the article to view reference data. References: Reference information is available for this article.

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Keywords: Crude oil prices, Crude oil export ban, Shale oil, Crude oil pipelines, Crude-by-rail, Congestion pricing, Oil refining This implies that the short-run deleterious effects of the export ban may have been exaggerated. We are unable to find evidence that mismatch between domestic refining configurations and domestic crude characteristics contributed significantly to this deviation. We find that scarce domestic pipeline capacity explains half to three quarters of the deviation of mid-continent crude oil prices from their long-run relationship with Brent crude. crude oil production as the main culprit for this divergence. Some studies pointed to the ban on exporting U.S. crude benchmark, WTI, diverged considerably from its foreign counterpart, Brent, sometimes selling at a steep discount.














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